Characters that do not need to be encoded within a URL are:
Only a limited subset of US-ASCII characters are allowed to be used unencoded within a URL:
1. Alphanumerics: [0-9a-zA-Z]
2. Special characters: $ - _ . + ! * ' ( ) ,
3. and reserved characters used for their reserved purposes, Eg: ?, & used as part of a url query
Characters that need to be encoded within a URL are:
a. ASCII Control characters
b. Non-ASCII characters
c. Reserved characters used not for their reserved purposes:
Character Hex Dec
Dollar ($) 24 36
Ampersand (&) 26 38
Plus (+) 2B 43
Comma (,) 2C 44
Forward slash (/) 2F 47
Colon (:) 3A 58
Semi-colon (;) 3B 59
Equals (=) 3D 61
Question mark (?) 3F 63
'At' symbol (@) 40 64
d. Unsafe characters:
Character Hex Dec Why encode
Space 20 32 Significant sequences of spaces may be lost in some uses (especially multiple spaces)
Quotation marks 22 34 These characters are often used to delimit URLs in plain text.
< 3C 60
> 3E 62
Pound character (#) 23 35 This is used in URLs to indicate where a fragment identifier
(bookmarks/anchors in HTML) begins.
Percent character (%) 25 37 This is used to URL encode/escape other characters, so it should itself also be encoded.
Misc. characters: Some systems can possibly modify these characters.
{ 7B 123
} 7D 125
| 7C 124
\ 5C 92
^ 5E 94
~ 7E 126
[ 5B 91
] 5D 93
Grave accent (`) 60 96
To URL encode a character:
URL encoding of a character consists of a "%" symbol, followed by the two-digit hexadecimal representation (case-insensitive) of the ISO-Latin code point for the character.
Eg:
Space = "%20"
For url encoding convert, see here.
For url encoder / decoder, see here. Or directly from here.
